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Histone deacetylases (HDACs) 1, 2 and 3 form the catalytic subunit of several large transcriptional repression complexes. Unexpectedly, the enzymatic activity of HDACs in these complexes has been shown to be regulated by inositol phosphates, which bind in a pocket sandwiched between the HDAC and co-repressor proteins. However, the actual mechanism of activation remains poorly understood. Here we have elucidated the stereochemical requirements for binding and activation by inositol phosphates, demonstrating that activation requires three adjacent phosphate groups and that other positions on the inositol ring can tolerate bulky substituents. We also demonstrate that there is allosteric communication between the inositol-binding site and the active site. The crystal structure of the HDAC1:MTA1 complex bound to a novel peptide-based inhibitor and to inositol hexaphosphate suggests a molecular basis of substrate recognition, and an entropically driven allosteric mechanism of activation.

Original publication

DOI

10.1038/ncomms11262

Type

Journal article

Journal

Nat Commun

Publication Date

25/04/2016

Volume

7

Keywords

Allosteric Regulation, Binding Sites, Catalytic Domain, Crystallography, X-Ray, Enzyme Activation, HEK293 Cells, Histone Deacetylase 1, Histone Deacetylases, Humans, Inositol Phosphates, Molecular Docking Simulation, Multiprotein Complexes, Protein Binding, Protein Domains